portion of the brain that connects with the spinal cord; controls basic nervous system functions like breathing, heart rate, and swallowing

node on a phylogenetic tree where a single lineage splits into distinct new ones

airway that extends from the main tertiary bronchi to the alveolar sac

(plural: bronchi) smaller branch of cartilaginous tissue that stems off of the trachea; air is funneled through the bronchi to the region where gas exchange occurs in alveoli

period of much reduced metabolism and torpor that occurs in any ectotherm in cold weather

method of exit from the cell used in certain animal viruses, where virions leave the cell individually by capturing a piece of the host plasma membrane

form of asexual reproduction that results from the outgrowth of a part of a cell leading to a separation from the original animal into two individuals

substance that prevents a change in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen or hydroxide ions

modified underground stem that consists of a large bud surrounded by numerous leaf scales

secretion that cleanses the urethra prior to ejaculation

wild-caught animal used as food (typically mammals, birds, and reptiles); usually referring to hunting in the tropics of sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and the Americas

wild-caught animal used as food (typically mammals, birds, and reptiles); usually referring to hunting in the tropics of sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and the Americas