Bones of the superior extremity
The upper extremity consists of the shoulder, the arm, the forearm, and the hand. The shoulder consists of the scapula and clavicle: the arm of the humerus ; the forearm of the radius and ulna ; and the hand of the carpus, metacarpus, and fingers.
The scapula (French : scapula, omoplate), is placed upon the upper and back part of the thorax, occupies the space from the second to the seventh rib, and forms the posterior part of the shoulder. Its form is irregularly triangular and flat. It presents for examination two surfaces, three borders, and three angles.
- Details
- Hits: 4311
The clavicle (French : la clavicule) is placed laterally at the anterior and upper part of the thorax, it completes ahead the thoracic belt, to which the member of the same name is attached.
- Details
- Hits: 7771
The humerus or arm-bone (french : humérus), the largest bone of the upper extremity, extends from the scapula to the bones of the fore-arm, with each of which it is articulated. Its direction is vertical, with an inclination inwards towards the lower end. Long and irregularly cylindrical in form, the humerus is divisible into a body and two extremities.
- Details
- Hits: 4404
The radius (French : Radius), shorter than the ulna by the length of the olecranon process, is placed at the external side of the fore-arm, extending from the humerus to the carpus. It is broader below than above, slightly curved in its form, and divided into a body and two extremities.
- Details
- Hits: 2402
DNA replication is a highly accurate process, but mistakes can occasionally occur, such as a DNA polymerase inserting a wrong
DNA replication has been extremely well studied in prokaryotes primarily because of the small size of the genome and the
The elucidation of the structure of the double helix provided a hint as to how DNA divides and makes copies
Eukaryotic genomes are much more complex and larger in size than prokaryotic genomes. The human genome has three billion