(singular = mitochondrion) cellular organelles responsible for carrying out cellular respiration, resulting in producing ATP, the cell’s main energy-carrying molecule

proposal that prokaryotes acquired a mitochondrion first, followed by nuclear development

nonfunctional organelle carried in the cells of diplomonads (Excavata) that likely evolved from a mitochondrion

organism that can obtain nutrition by autotrophic or heterotrophic means, usually facultatively

species that researchers study and use as a model to understand the biological processes in other species represented by the model organism

species or biological system used to study a specific biological phenomenon to be applied to other different species

overarching evolutionary paradigm that took shape by the 1940s and scientists generally accept today

number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent

number of moles of solute per liter of solution

gram equivalent of the molecular weight of a substance

study of biological processes and their regulation at the molecular level, including interactions among molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins

cloning of DNA fragments

technique using molecular evidence to identify phylogenetic relationships

chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms held together by one or more chemical bonds

two or more atoms chemically bonded together