integral pigment and protein complex in thylakoid membranes that uses light energy to transport electrons from plastocyanin to NADP+ (which becomes reduced to NADPH in the process)

integral protein and pigment complex in thylakoid membranes that transports electrons from water to the electron transport chain; oxygen is a product of PSII

organism that is able to make its own food by converting solar energy to chemical energy

blue-light receptor that promotes phototropism, stomatal opening and closing, and other responses that promote photosynthesis

directional bending of a plant toward a light source

arrangement of leaves on a stem

diagram that reflects the evolutionary relationships among organisms or groups of organisms

evolutionary history and relationship of an organism or group of organisms

(plural: phyla) kingdom division in the taxonomic classification system

representation of the physical distance between genes or genetic markers

field of science, such as geology, astronomy, physics, and chemistry, that studies nonliving matter

(also, physiological shunt) region of the lung that lacks proper ventilation/perfusion due to a physiological change in the lung (like inflammation or edema)

plant pigment protein that exists in two reversible forms (Pr and Pfr) and mediates morphologic changes in response to red light

thin membrane layer directly covering the brain and spinal cord

molecule that is capable of absorbing certain wavelengths of light and reflecting others (which accounts for its color)