modified stem branch appearing as a sharp outgrowth that protects the plant

level of depolarization needed for an action potential to fire

level of depolarization needed for an action potential to fire

disc-shaped, membrane-bound structure inside a chloroplast where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place; stacks of thylakoids are called grana

aqueous space bound by a thylakoid membrane where protons accumulate during light-driven electron transport

gland located behind the sternum that produces thymosin hormones that contribute to the development of the immune system

gland located behind the sternum that produces thymosin hormones that contribute to the development of the immune system

glycoprotein found in the thyroid that is converted into thyroid hormone

endocrine gland located in the neck that produces thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine

hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that controls the release of T3 and T4 from the thyroid gland

thyroid hormone containing 4 iodines that controls the basal metabolic rate

plasmid system derived from Agrobacterium tumifaciens that scientists have used to introduce foreign DNA into plant cells

(also, shinbone) large bone of the leg that is located directly below the knee

amount of air that is inspired and expired during normal breathing

protein adherence that creates a firm seal between two adjacent animal cells