ingrowth of an animal’s exoskeleton that functions as an attachment site for muscles

process by which seeds are produced without fertilization of sperm and egg

warning coloration used as a defensive mechanism against predation

composed of the bones of the upper limbs, which function to grasp and manipulate objects, and the lower limbs, which permit locomotion

form of science that aims to solve real-world problems

increase in the diameter of bones by the addition of bone tissue at the surface of bones

channel protein that allows water through the membrane at a very high rate

spiderweb-like middle layer of the meninges that cover the central nervous system

mycorrhizal association in which the fungal hyphae enter the root cells and form extensive networks

mycorrhizae commonly involving Glomeromycetes in which the fungal hyphae penetrate the cell walls of the plant root cells (but not the cell membranes)

transition species from dinosaur to bird from the Jurassic period

archegonium

primitive gut cavity within the gastrula that opens outward via the blastopore

modern crocodilian or bird, or an extinct pterosaur or dinosaur

artery that branches from the interlobar artery and arches over the base of the renal pyramids