enzyme that “charges” tRNA molecules by catalyzing a bond between the tRNA and a corresponding amino acid

protease that breaks down peptides to single amino acids; secreted by the brush border of small intestine

compound made of one nitrogen atom and three hydrogen atoms

process by which ammonia is released during the decomposition of nitrogen-containing organic compounds

describes an animal that excretes ammonia as the primary waste material

membrane of the egg that protects the embryo from mechanical shock and prevents dehydration

animal that produces a terrestrially adapted egg protected by amniotic membranes

sponge cell with multiple functions, including nutrient delivery, egg formation, sperm delivery, and cell differentiation

joint that allows slight movement; includes syndesmoses and symphyses

frogs, salamanders, and caecilians

molecule possessing a polar or charged area and a nonpolar or uncharged area capable of interacting with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic environments

sensory organ that allows sharks to detect electromagnetic fields produced by living things

structure within the limbic system that processes fear

(also, anabolism) pathways that require an energy input to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones

process that does not use oxygen