the study of living organisms and their interactions with one another and their environments

generation and emission of light by an organism, as in dinoflagellates

increasing concentrations of persistent, toxic substances in organisms at each trophic level, from the primary producers to the apex consumers

individual protein that is uniquely produced in a diseased state

total weight, at the time of measurement, of living or previously living organisms in a unit area within a trophic level

ecological community of plants, animals, and other organisms that is adapted to a characteristic set of environmental conditions

use of microbial metabolism to remove pollutants

collection of all the ecosystems on Earth

use of biological agents for technological advancement

any technological application that uses living organisms, biological systems, or their derivatives to produce or modify other products

living components of the environment

neuron with two processes from the cell body, typically in opposite directions

referring to two branches per appendage

devastating pandemic that is believed to have been an outbreak of bubonic plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis

structure formed when cells in the mammalian blastula separate into an inner and outer layer