using other people’s work or ideas without proper citation, creating the false impression that those are the author’s original ideas

joint with bones whose articulating surfaces are flat

animal species that eats plankton

diverse group of mostly microscopic organisms that drift in marine and freshwater systems and serve as a food source for larger aquatic organisms

shell shape coiled around a vertical axis

bending at the ankle such that the heel is lifted, such as when standing on the toes

larval form found in phylum Nemertea

liquid component of blood that is left after the cells are removed

liquid component of blood that is left after the cells are removed

immune cell that secrets antibodies; these cells arise from B cells that were stimulated by antigens

phospholipid bilayer with embedded (integral) or attached (peripheral) proteins, and separates the cell's internal content from its surrounding environment

extrachromosomal, covalently closed, circular DNA molecule that may only contain one or a few genes; common in prokaryotes

(plural = plasmodesmata) channel that passes between adjacent plant cells' cell walls, connects their cytoplasm, and allows transporting of materials from cell to cell

fusion of cytoplasm

detaching the cell membrane from the cell wall and constricting the cell membrane when a plant cell is in a hypertonic solution