frogs, salamanders, and caecilians

molecule possessing a polar or charged area and a nonpolar or uncharged area capable of interacting with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic environments

sensory organ that allows sharks to detect electromagnetic fields produced by living things

structure within the limbic system that processes fear

(also, anabolism) pathways that require an energy input to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones

process that does not use oxygen

refers to organisms that grow without oxygen

process in which organisms convert energy for their use in the absence of oxygen

(also, homoplasy) characteristic that is similar between organisms by convergent evolution, not due to the same evolutionary path

ecosystem model that is created with mathematical formulas to predict the effects of environmental disturbances on ecosystem structure and dynamics

stage of mitosis during which sister chromatids are separated from each other

animal having no temporal fenestrae in the cranium

(also, anatomical shunt) region of the lung that lacks proper ventilation/perfusion due to an anatomical block

sum of all the stamens in a flower

male sex hormone such as testosterone