Medicine
The heart is a hollow muscular organ, divided by a longitudinal septum into a right and a left half, each of which is again subdivided by a transverse constriction into two compartments, communicating with each other, and named auricle and ventricle. Its general form is that of a blunt cone. Enclosed, as before said, in the pericardium, it is placed behind the sternum and the costal cartilages, the broader end, or base being directed upwards, backwards, and to the right, and extending from the level of the fifth to that of the eighth dorsal vertebra ; the apex downwards, forwards, and to the left.
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The stomach is a sac-like dilatation of the digestive tube intervening between the oesophagus and the intestine.
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The vagina (French: le vagin) is a rather capacious and markedly dilatable musculo-mucous canal, which extends from the uterus to the external genitalia. When collapsed it is markedly flattened from before backward, so that its lumen corresponds to the letter H, the anterior and posterior walls being in contact, while small recesses occur on either side. The anterior wall is usually concave posteriorly, the posterior wall being correspondingly convex anteriorly.
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The ovary is the female genital gland. Like the testis, it is a paired organ, but it is much smaller; its shape is that of a markedly fattened, irregular ellipsoid.
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The trachea is a rather rigid and constantly open tube, 10 to 12 cm- long and 11 to 18 mm. wide, which leaves the larynx at the level of the intervertebral disc between the sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae and extends to that of the disc between the fourth and fifth thoracic vertebrae. In the latter situation or in front of the fifth thoracic vertebra it divides into two branches, the bronchi, which form a right angle with each other. This division is called the tracheal bifurcation.
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The uterus is a hollow, muscular, pear-shaped body, situated in the true pelvis. Its larger upper portion is termed the body or corpus uteri, and the smaller lower one the neck or cervix uteri, these two portions being separated by a constriction which is the narrowest part of the organ. The portion of the body which projects markedly above the entrances of the tubes is known as the fundus, and as the uterus is markedly flattened from before backward, an anterior and a posterior surface and two lateral margins may be recognized in it. The anterior surface is known as the vesical surface, the posterior more convex one as the intestinal surface, and the lateral margins as the right and the left. That portion of the cervix which projects into the vagina is termed the vaginal portion, while that situated above the vagina is called the supravaginal portion.
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The large intestine is an approximately cylindrical tube from 120 to 150 cm. in length and of variable width. It is composed of two main portions: the ccecum, with the vermiform appendix, and the colon. These two portions, exactly alike and not sharply demarcated, are arranged in a large horseshoe loop about the small intestine, the large intestine becoming continuous with the rectum on the left.
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The urinary bladder is a sack-like dilatation of the urinary passages which serves as a collecting reservoir, the size and shape of which is dependent upon the degree of distention. Three chief portions may be recognized in it: the middle and larger portion of the bladder is the body; the upper portion, which is distinctly pointed, especially in the newborn, is the vertex; and the lowermost portion, directed toward the perineum, is called the fundus.
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The esophagus is a muscular tube about 25 centimeters in length which is immediately continuous with the lower portion of the pharynx above and with the cardiac portion of the stomach below. It consists of three portions of the cervical, the thoracic, and the abdominal. The thoracic portion is by far the longest, while the abdominal is very short.
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The urine is secreted by the kidney, whence it passes successively through the renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, and urethra into the outer world.
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It is located in its greater part in the stage known méso colic.
There is a small segment in the stage under méso colic
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The pituitary or Schneiderian membrane, which lines the cavities of the nose, is a highly vascular mucous membrane, inseparably united, like that investing the cavity of the tympanum, with the periosteum and perichondrium, over which it lies. It is continuous with the skin through the nostrils; with the mucous membrane of the pharynx through the posterior apertures of the nasal fossae; with the conjunctiva through the nasal duct and lachrymal canaliculi; and with the lining membrane of the several sinuses which communicate with the nasal fossae.
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The spleen is a large blood-vascular organ closely associated with the lymphatic system.