Splanchnology
The thyroid gland has only topographic relations to the organs of the respiratory tract; in other respects it belongs to the ductless glands (glands with internal secretions). It is situated in the neck in front of the trachea and the lateral portions of the larynx, and is also partly in contact with the lateral wall of the laryngopharynx. Its middle portion is covered by the superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia, and laterally it is immediately beneath the sternothyreoidei, which lie upon the gland, the remaining infrahyoid muscles, the inner margin of the sternocleidomastoideus, and the platysma.
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The vagina (French: le vagin) is a rather capacious and markedly dilatable musculo-mucous canal, which extends from the uterus to the external genitalia. When collapsed it is markedly flattened from before backward, so that its lumen corresponds to the letter H, the anterior and posterior walls being in contact, while small recesses occur on either side. The anterior wall is usually concave posteriorly, the posterior wall being correspondingly convex anteriorly.
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The pancreas (French : pancréas) is a long, narrow, flattened gland of a reddish cream color, larger at one end than at the other, and lying across the posterior wall of the abdomen, behind the stomach, and opposite the first lumbar vertebra. Its larger end, the head, turned to the right, is embraced by the curvature of the duodenum, whilst its left or narrow extremity, the tail, reaches to a somewhat higher level, and is in contact with the spleen. The pancreas is an exocrine and endocrine gland. It is in contact with the lumbar column, therefore particularly exposed with the abdominal traumatisms.
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The trachea is a rather rigid and constantly open tube, 10 to 12 cm- long and 11 to 18 mm. wide, which leaves the larynx at the level of the intervertebral disc between the sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae and extends to that of the disc between the fourth and fifth thoracic vertebrae. In the latter situation or in front of the fifth thoracic vertebra it divides into two branches, the bronchi, which form a right angle with each other. This division is called the tracheal bifurcation.
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The liver is the largest gland of the human body.It has the shape of a flattened ellipsoid, passes almost transversely across the upper portion of the abdominal cavity, and is composed of two lobes, a much larger right lobe and a smaller left one. It is soft in consistence and has a peculiar brownish-red color.
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The large intestine is an approximately cylindrical tube from 120 to 150 cm. in length and of variable width. It is composed of two main portions: the ccecum, with the vermiform appendix, and the colon. These two portions, exactly alike and not sharply demarcated, are arranged in a large horseshoe loop about the small intestine, the large intestine becoming continuous with the rectum on the left.
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The spleen is a large blood-vascular organ closely associated with the lymphatic system.
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The esophagus is a muscular tube about 25 centimeters in length which is immediately continuous with the lower portion of the pharynx above and with the cardiac portion of the stomach below. It consists of three portions of the cervical, the thoracic, and the abdominal. The thoracic portion is by far the longest, while the abdominal is very short.
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It is located in its greater part in the stage known méso colic.
There is a small segment in the stage under méso colic
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The heart is a hollow muscular organ, divided by a longitudinal septum into a right and a left half, each of which is again subdivided by a transverse constriction into two compartments, communicating with each other, and named auricle and ventricle. Its general form is that of a blunt cone. Enclosed, as before said, in the pericardium, it is placed behind the sternum and the costal cartilages, the broader end, or base being directed upwards, backwards, and to the right, and extending from the level of the fifth to that of the eighth dorsal vertebra ; the apex downwards, forwards, and to the left.
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The stomach is a sac-like dilatation of the digestive tube intervening between the oesophagus and the intestine.
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